Stephen PhinneyNutrition education: a questionnaire for assessment and teaching.
Makowske M, and Feinman RD: dated 2005.
"A major barrier to improved teaching of nutrition is the lack of agreement on some of these critical issues and there are apparent inconsistencies in recommendations of government and health agencies."
"Perhaps the most important problem in introducing nutrition into the medical curriculum is the lack of agreement on what should be taught. There is strong, even contentious debate about the most fundamental issues such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Thus, concerns about inadequate physician knowledge frequently refer to the ability to counsel patients according to standard guidelines.
High cholesterol
The Framingham study gave HDL-Cholesterol the all clear in 1987. HDL-Cholesterol became known as good cholesterol.
The conviction that LDL-Cholesterol is "bad" has remained, and the sale of statins has continued unabated. Recently, 2015, it became possible to openly question that whole idea.
Malcolm Kendrick, MD, published this long essay in 2002. More than ten years later, we can see that he was on the right track.
"First little problem - dietary intake of cholesterol has no impact upon the level of cholesterol in your blood. If we look at two major long-term studies, Framingham and Tecumseh; it is clear that those who ate the most cholesterol had exactly the same level of cholesterol in their blood as those who ate the least cholesterol."
"Statins reduce the risk of dying of coronary heart disease (CHD)." He goes on to say that we don't know why, but the effect is very tiny anyway. But he believes, "that it's got nothing to do with LDL-Cholesterol lowering."
New Dietary Health Science
Carbohydrate restriction improves the features of Metabolic Syndrome.
Jeff S Volek1 and Richard D Feinman: dated 2005.
"Five symptoms common to most definitions of Metabolic Syndrome are those that are reliably improved by carbohydrate restriction. Carbohydrate restriction is one strategy for weight loss but, in addition, improves glycemic control, insulin levels, TAG and HDL levels even in the absence of weight loss."
They suggest that Metabolic Syndrome, is a bodily response to excess carbohydrate.
The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment
"Since being overweight/obese and sedentary decreases insulin sensitivity, it is not surprising that the prevalence of the manifestations of the insulin resistance syndrome is increasing at a rapid rate. From a dietary standpoint, there are two approaches to attenuating the manifestations of the insulin resistance syndrome:" (a) weight loss to enhance insulin sensitivity; and (b) changes in carbohydrate/protein/fat content of diets.
Weight and Metabolic Outcomes After 2 Years on a Low-Carbohydrate Versus Low-Fat Diet
Gary D. Foster, PhD, et al.; dated 2010.
"Successful weight loss can be achieved with either a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet when coupled with behavioral treatment. A low-carbohydrate diet is associated with favorable changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors at 2 years."
Long-term effects of a ketogenic diet in obese patients
Hussein M Dashti, MD Ph; et al.; dated 2004.
"The present study shows the beneficial effects of a long-term ketogenic diet. It significantly reduced the body weight and body mass index of the patients. Furthermore, it decreased the level of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose, and increased the level of HDL cholesterol. Administering a ketogenic diet for a relatively longer period of time did not produce any significant side effects in the patients. Therefore, the present study confirms that it is safe to use a ketogenic diet for a longer period of time than previously demonstrated.
Carbohydrate restriction as the default treatment for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Feinman RD, Volek JS.; Dated 2008
"Substitution of fat for carbohydrate generally improves cardiovascular risk factors. Removing the barrier of concern about dietary fat makes carbohydrate restriction a reasonable, if not the preferred method for treating type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We emphasize the ability of low-carbohydrate diets to improve glycemic control, hemoglobin A1C and to reduce medication. We review evidence that such diets are effective even in the absence of weight loss."
