Historically, food supply is seasonal, and for some time, long or short, in most years food is not available.
At the Mayo Clinic, Dr Rollin Woodyatt identified in a scientific way what was happening in starvation. He was studying diabetes, he identified the natural process we now call ketosis in 1921, and it was used extensively to treat people with epilepsy until 1928. And still today in the most serious cases.
Ketosis is safe and has most often been used for medical purposes on children. It's defined as the metabolic state where we burn lipids (fats) in the absence of excess glucose.
Nutritional ketosis is easy to achieve by carbohydrate restriction. Starvation is not required to open your lipid burning metabolism.